There are many situations in which experiments are not available or data are recorded from the population proportion to a nonnegative function called weight function. In a such situations the classical methods for inferencing about unknown parameters are not useful. In this study the problem of statistical hypothesis Testing is considered for weighted distributions to obtain (uniformly) most powerful tests.

In the economic literature, There are two hypothesizes on Twin Deficits: Keynesian proposition and Ricardian equivalence. According to Keynesian theory, the budget deficit affects the domestic and international economy, whereas the Ricardian equivalence will deny any relationship between budget deficit and other economic sectors, both inside and outside of economy.In this paper first the two hypothesizes of Keynesian and the Ricardian equivalence introduced and then by co- integration test and analysis of variance the relation among budget deficit, the consumption of the private sector and current account deficit and economic growth has been analyzed during the period of 1350-1385 in Iran. The results confirm the relationship among the budget and current account deficits and private consumption and economic growth. In other words, Ricardian equivalence is rejected in Iran.

Consider an exchangeable normal vector with parameters μ, σ2, and ρ. On the basis of a vector observation some tests about these parameters are found and their properties are discussed. A simulation study for these tests and a few nonparametric tests are presented. Some advantages and disadvantages of these tests are discussed and a few applications are given.

According to the Rodrik theory (1998) under the Rodrik hypothesis, economic globalization can increase the government size. In this context, this article tries to presents a conceptual model of the factors affecting the government size and it empirical test through panel cointegration analysis with cross-sectional dependency and continuously-updated and fully-modified method (Cup-FM) (proposed by Bai et al (2009)) by using data from 8 developing and islamic countries in D8 group, review relationship between economic globalization and government size. For this purpose, is used the economic aspects of KOF globalization as an indicator of economic globalization. These aspects include the actual flows of trade, including trade, foreign direct investment and portfolio investment and trade barriers such as tariffs and restrictions on real flows. The results show a positive impact of economic globalization on the government size and thus confirm the Roderick hypotheses for the countries studied. Other results of this study indicate a positive and significant influence on the government size of GDP per capita (confirmed the Wagner’s low) and democracy net and it negative influence of degree of urbanization.

this paper is to study the convergence of per capita income. Convergence clubs hypothesis is one of the forms of convergence hypotheses, implying that countries with the same initial level of economic development, technology, and government policies, tend to be similar in per capita income and thus have a tendency to cluster around a small number of poles. In order to test the hypothesis of the formation of the convergence clubs among 15 Middle East and North African (MENA) countries for the period of 1990– 2015, we used a non-parametric analysis (distribution dynamics approach). The distribution dynamics of real per capita GDP showed that “ twin peaks” were being formed in the MENA region.